Posted by: adbhutam | August 17, 2022

Core Advaita tenets in the Shiva Purana

Core Advaita tenets in the Shiva Purana

In this one chapter, in about 40 verses, many principles of Advaita are found. The verses are very simple.

The English translation of this entire chapter can be read here:

https://archive.org/…/SivaPuranaJ.L…/page/n381/mode/2up Page 1444 (chapter 43)

शिवपुराणम्/संहिता ४ (कोटिरुद्रसंहिता)/अध्यायः ४३

https://tinyurl.com/2bn8afr3

सूत उवाच ।।

श्रूयतामृषयः सर्वे शिवज्ञानं यथा श्रुतम्।।

कथयामि महागुह्यं पर मुक्तिस्वरूपकम् ।। १ ।।

कनारदकुमाराणां व्यासस्य कपिलस्य च ।।

एतेषां च समाजे तैर्निश्चित्य समुदाहृतम्।।२।।

इति ज्ञानं सदा ज्ञेयं सर्वं शिवमयं जगत् ।।

शिवः सर्वमयो ज्ञेयस्सर्वज्ञेन विपश्चिता ।।३।।

आब्रह्मतृणपर्यन्तं यत्किंचिद्दृश्यते जगत् ।।

तत्सर्वं शिव एवास्ति स देवः शिव उच्यते।।४।।

यदेच्छा तस्य जायेत तदा च क्रियते त्विदम् ।।

सर्वं स एव जानाति तं न जानाति कश्चन ।।५।।

It is said in the Kenopanishad: Nothing can illumine the Atman which illumines all the senses.

रचयित्वा स्वयं तच्च प्रविश्य दूरतः स्थितः।।

न तत्र च प्रविष्टोसौ निर्लिप्तश्चित्स्वरूपवान् ।।६।।

The Taittiriya Upanishad states that Brahman created the world and entered it. But it is not literal that it has entered since the all-pervading Brahman has no region where it is not.

यथा च ज्योतिषश्चैव जलादौ प्रतिबिंबता ।।

वस्तुतो न प्रवेशो वै तथैव च शिवः स्वयम्।।७।।

Just as the sun’s reflection can be found in the reservoirs but the sun has not actually entered them, the ‘entering’ of Brahman is to be understood in this manner.

वस्तुतस्तु स्वयं सर्वं क्रमो हि भासते शुभः।।

अज्ञानं च मतेर्भेदो नास्त्यन्यच्च द्वयम्पुनः।।८।।

We see difference out of ignorance, but there really is no duality.

दर्शनेषु च सर्वेषु मतिभेदः प्रदर्श्यते।।

परं वेदान्तिनो नित्यमद्वैतं प्रतिचक्षते।।९।।

There is dvaita/difference in all doctrines, darshanas, except Vedanta, but only in Vedanta there is advaita.

स्वस्याप्यंशस्य जीवांशो ह्यविद्यामोहितो वशः।।

अन्योऽहमिति जानाति तया मुक्तो भवेच्छिवः।।4.43.१०।।

Jiva is the element of Shiva. But that is deluded by Avidya. When he realizes that Jiva is not me, he becomes liberated and becomes Shiva himself.

सर्वं व्याप्य शिवः साक्षाद् व्यापकः सर्वजन्तुषु।।

चेतनाचेतनेशोपि सर्वत्र शंकरस्स्वयम् ।।११।।

उपायं यः करोत्यस्य दर्शनार्थं विचक्षणः।।

वेदान्तमार्गमाश्रित्य तद्दर्शनफलं लभेत्।।१२।।

यथाग्निर्व्यापकश्चैव काष्ठे काष्ठे च तिष्ठति।।

यो वै मंथति तत्काष्ठं स वै पश्यत्यसंशयम्।।१३।।

This is the saying in Kathopanishad: अग्निर्यथैको भुवनं प्रविष्टो रूपं रूपं प्रतिरूपो बभूव । एकस्तथा सर्वभूतान्तरात्मा रूपं रूपं प्रतिरूपो बहिश्च ॥ ९ ॥ 2.3.9

भक्त्यादिसाधनानीह यः करोति विचक्षणः।।

स वै पश्यत्यवश्यं हि तं शिवं नात्र संशयः ।।१४।।

शिवःशिवःशिवश्चैव नान्यदस्तीति किंचन।।

भ्रान्त्या नानास्वरूपो हि भासते शङ्करस्सदा ।।१५।।

The entire creation is Shiva, but the ignorant sees the difference through illusion.

यथा समुद्रो मृच्चैव सुवर्णमथवा पुनः ।।

उपाधितो हि नानात्वं लभते शंकरस्तथा ।। १६ ।।

Here are some illustrations from Chandogya Upanishad: All the reservoirs in the world are actually different manifestations of the ocean. The clay and gold are the true nature of the variety of their products.

कार्यकारणयोर्भेदो वस्तुतो न प्रवर्तते ।।

केवलं भ्रान्तिबुद्ध्यैव तदाभावे स नश्यति ।। १७ ।।

It teaches the cause-effect non-difference tenet of Vedanta. Vacharambhanam vikaro naamdheyanm mrittiketyeva satyam’, the Upanishad teaches that vikaras, products (of clay, etc.) are not real but only their material cause is truth. Here the sloka tells us that it is delusional to think of differences/manifestations as real.

तदा बीजात्प्ररोहश्च नानात्वं हि प्रकाशयेत् ।।

अन्ते च बीजमेव स्यात्तत्प्ररोहश्च नश्यति ।। १८ ।।

ज्ञानी च बीजमेव स्यात्प्ररोहो विकृतीर्मता ।।

तन्निवृत्तौ पुनर्ज्ञानी नात्र कार्या विचारणा ।। १९ ।।

सर्वं शिवः शिवं सर्वं नास्ति भेदश्च कश्चन ।।

कथं च विविधं पश्यत्येकत्वं च कथं पुनः ।। 4.43.२० ।।

The answer to the question ‘how one sees difference when everything is verily Shiva:

यथैकं चैव सूर्याख्यं ज्योतिर्नानाविधं जनैः ।।

जलादौ च विशेषेण दृश्यते तत्तथैव सः ।। २१ ।।

It is like the same sun appears many owing to the reflection in different water bodies.

सर्वत्र व्यापकश्चैव स्पर्शत्वं न विबध्यते ।।

तथैव व्यापको देवो बध्यते न क्वचित्स वै ।। २२ ।।

साहंकारस्तथा जीवस्तन्मुक्तः शंकरः स्वयम् ।।

जीवस्तुच्छः कर्मभोगो निर्लिप्तः शंकरो महान् ।। २३ ।।

The egoistic Jiva is actually the ego-free Shiva.

यथैकं च सुवर्णादि मिलितं रजतादिना ।।।४

अल्पमूल्यं प्रजायेत तथा जीवोऽप्यहंयुतः ।। २४ ।।

Just as gold loses its true value when mixed with other metals, the Jiva loses its true nature of being Brahman through association with the ego.

यथैव हि सुर्वणादि क्षारादेः शोधितं शुभम्।।

पूर्ववन्मूल्यतां याति तथा जीवोऽपि संस्कृतेः ।।२५।।

Just as gold is purified by alkali procedure, the jiva also regtains its Brahman nature by proper procedures of shravana, etc. This example is given by Shankara in the Sutra Bhashya:

उत्तराच्चेदाविर्भूतस्वरूपस्तु ॥ १९ ॥ 1.3.19:

सुवर्णादीनां तु द्रव्यान्तरसम्पर्कादभिभूतस्वरूपाणामनभिव्यक्तासाधारणविशेषाणां क्षारप्रक्षेपादिभिः शोध्यमानानां स्वरूपेणाभिनिष्पत्तिः स्यात् ;

प्रथमं सद्गुरुं प्राप्य भक्तिभाव समन्वितः ।।

शिवबुद्ध्या करोत्युच्चैः पूजनं स्मरणादिकम् ।। २६ ।।

तद्बुध्या देहतो याति सर्वपापादिको मलः ।।

तदाऽज्ञानं च नश्येत ज्ञानवाञ्जायते यदा ।। २७ ।।

तदाहंकारनिर्मुक्तो जीवो निर्मलबुद्धिमान् ।।

शङ्करस्य प्रसादेन प्रयाति शङ्करताम्पुनः ।।२८।।

The jiva becomes Shiva himself with his grace.

यथाऽऽदर्शस्वरूपे च स्वीयरूपं प्रदृश्यते ।।

तथा सर्वत्रगं शम्भुं पश्यतीति सुनिश्चितम् ।।२९।।

जीवन्मुक्तस्य एवासौ देहः शीर्ण शिवे मिलेत् ।।

प्रारब्धवशगो देहस्तद्भिन्नो ज्ञानवान् मतः ।। 4.43.३० ।।

Reference to Jivanmukta and Prarabdha.

शुभं लब्ध्वा न हृष्येत कुप्येल्लब्ध्वाऽशुभं न हि ।।

द्वंद्वेषु समता यस्य ज्ञानवानुच्यते हि सः ।। ३१ ।।

आत्मयोगेन तत्त्वानामथवा च विवेकतः ।।

यथा शरीरतो यायाच्छरीरं मुक्तिमिच्छतः ।। ३२ ।।

सदाशिवो विलीयेत मुक्तो विरहमेव च ।।

ज्ञानमूलन्तथाध्यात्म्यं तस्य भक्तिश्शिवस्य च ।। ३३ ।।

भक्तेश्च प्रेम संप्रोक्तं प्रेम्णश्च श्रवणन्तथा ।।

श्रवणाच्चापि सत्संगस्सत्संगाच्च गुरुर्बुधः ।।३४।।

सम्पन्ने च तथा ज्ञाने मुक्तो भवति निश्चितम् ।।

इति चेज्ज्ञानवान्यो वै शंभुमेव सदा भजेत् ।।३५।।

अनन्यया च भक्त्या वै युक्तः शम्भुं भजेत्पुनः ।।

अन्ते च मुक्तिमायाति नात्र कार्या विचारणा ।।३६।।

अतोऽधिको न देवोऽस्ति मुक्तिप्राप्त्यै च शंकरात्।।

शरणं प्राप्य यश्चैव संसाराद्विनिवर्तते ।। ३७ ।।

इति मे विविधं वाक्यमृषीणां च समागतैः ।।

निश्चित्य कथितं विप्रा धिया धार्यं प्रयत्नतः ।। ३८ ।।

प्रथमं विष्णवे दत्तं शंभुना लिंगसन्मुखे ।।

विष्णुना ब्रह्मणे दत्तं ब्रह्मणा सनकादिषु ।। ३९ ।।

नारदाय ततः प्रोक्तं तज्ज्ञानं सनकादिभिः ।।

व्यासाय नारदेनोक्तं तेन मह्यं कृपालुना ।। 4.43.४० ।।

Om Tat Sat


Responses

  1. Respected Sir.A few days back I came across a post on Twitter by a follower of Ramanujacharya sect (Sri Vaishnavism).He claimed that Extreme acts of cruelity commited against –
    1) Guru
    2) saint/ noble person / realized person
    3) Devotees of God
    4) Refugees ( SharnAgat) of God.

    without any reason leads the person to become eternally damnned.By ‘ eternally dammned ‘ he meant such person will never get mOksha.
    Sir as far as I know no there is no action that can have an infinite effect.
    So this idea of ‘ eternal damnation’ seems false. I always believed that this idea( eternal damnation ) isn’t there in Hinduism.
    I can understand that the writer belongs to non-vedic cult( as panchatantra followers aren’t vedic, let’s say they are pseudo vedic).
    I wanted to ask what is stand of Orthdox Advait Vedant on this issue ?
    Some people told me Orthodox Advait Vedant has doctrine of ‘ Universal Salvation ‘. Doctrine of ‘ universal salvation ‘ is the view that everyone without exception attains moksha at some point or the other.

    • Yes, Advaita does not believe in the concept of eternal damnation.

  2. Respected Sir.A few days back I came across a post on Twitter by a follower of Ramanujacharya sect (Sri Vaishnavism).He claimed that Extreme acts of cruelity commited against –
    1) Guru
    2) saint/ noble person / realized person
    3) Devotees of God
    4) Refugees ( SharnAgat) of God.

    without any reason leads the person to become eternally damnned.By ‘ eternally dammned ‘ he meant such person will never get mOksha.
    Sir as far as I know no there is no action that can have an infinite effect.
    So this idea of ‘ eternal damnation’ seems false. I always believed that this idea( eternal damnation ) isn’t there in Hinduism.
    I can understand that the writer belongs to non-vedic cult( as panchatantra followers aren’t vedic, let’s say they are pseudo vedic).
    I wanted to ask what is stand of Orthdox Advait Vedant on this issue ?
    Some people told me Orthodox Advait Vedant has doctrine of ‘ Universal Salvation ‘. Doctrine of ‘ universal salvation ‘ is the view that everyone without exception attains moksha at some point or the other.

    • There is no such concept of eternal hell or damnation in Advaita.

    • Yes, you are correct! according to the vaidika matam, everyone without exception attains mokṣaḥ at some point or the other.
      वैदिकाः (vaidikāḥ) stick to the view of vyāsa’s advaitam. bhagavān mentions about the longevity of trimūrtayaḥ, when they themselves have the longevity what is eternal other than nirguṇa parambrahma?

      When trimūrtayaḥ themselves have the longevity, how there is eternal damnation be it nitya naraka or nitya saṃsārinaḥ, so where is the question of nitya saṃsārinaḥ?

      bhagavān parāśaraḥ in his parāśarasmṛtiḥ mentions that trimūrtayaḥ (the triad brahmā viṣṇuḥ maheśvaraḥ) will appear & disappear. So, please stick to the Ācāryāḥ (parāśara-vyāsa-śaṅkarāḥ) & ignore those non-devotional statements from aforementioned tweet & ignore those non-devotees.

      ओन्नमश्शिवाय​। 🙏🏼

  3. Respected Sir and VIvekah.
    Sorry for typing same question twice as it wasn’t showing up that’s why wrote it from two different ids.
    Thanks a lot for clarifying the doubt.

    • Thanks for your interest.

  4. Dear viveka sir. Sorry to bother you again.I have a little doubt so i thought I should get it resolved.

    In your comment which was as follows –

    // Yes, you are correct! according to the vaidika matam, everyone without exception attains mokṣaḥ at some point or the other.
    वैदिकाः (vaidikāḥ) stick to the view of vyāsa’s advaitam. bhagavān mentions about the longevity of trimūrtayaḥ, when they themselves have the longevity what is eternal other than nirguṇa parambrahma?//

    by the word mokṣaḥ did you mean attainment of permanent (eternal) bliss ?

    I am asking this because today i read somewhere that Mahaperiyava talks about 2 kinds of mokṣaḥ given by Shiva:

    1) Temporary Mutki: One is releasing everyone from samsara without going into merits (AS PRALAYA MURTI RUDRA). All the souls take rest in Pralayam. But that is not permanent.

    2) Permanent Mukti: Grant Jnana to those who are fit to receive it (AS JNANA MURTI SHIVA DAKSHINAMURTHY)Uptil now I thought that word mokṣaḥ always reffered to attainment of permanent (eternal) bliss.

    Thus in my comment which was as follows –

    // Some people told me Orthodox Advait Vedant has doctrine of ‘ Universal Salvation ‘. Doctrine of ‘ universal salvation ‘ is the view that everyone without exception attains mokṣaḥ at some point or the other.//

    by the word mokṣaḥ i meant attainment of permanent (eternal) bliss.

    • आत्मा/ब्रह्म is नित्यम् which is beyond the अनन्तकळ्याणगुणाः of ईश्वरः (meaning सगुणेश्वरः) advaitam is नित्यम्, द्वैतम् is अनित्यम्।
      That’s all. So with this मोक्षः/मुक्तिः is well understood.

      The longevity of त्रिदेवताः (ब्रह्मनारायणमहेश्वराः) is an evidence that nothing in this द्वैतप्रपञ्चः is नित्यः
      So, it’s “ONLY आत्मा” which is नित्यः

      ओन्नमश्शिवाय​। 🙏🏼


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