Posted by: adbhutam | November 23, 2018

Bondage is Unreal; The Jiva is Nityamukta, ever-liberated

Bondage is Unreal; The Jiva is Nityamukta, ever-liberated

ಬಂಧ ಸತ್ಯವಲ್ಲ. ಆತ್ಮನು ನಿತ್ಯಮುಕ್ತ ಎಂದು ಉಪನಿಷತ್ತಿನ ಸಂದೇಶ.

In the face of many Upanishadic statements proclaiming that the Atman is nityamukta (i.e. ever liberated), we conclude that the bondage experienced by the jiva is not real. Such a conclusion is derived because if the Atman is nityamukta, then it definitely follows that bondage has to be unreal. If bondage is real, the statement that the Atman is nityamukta will not hold good.

We have many Upanishadic statements declaring that the Atman is never bound and ever free; such statements only indirectly affirm that the bondage we experience is unreal. Sri Shankaracharya in His Bhashyas often uses the statement nitya-shudda-buddha-mukta-svabhaavaH. This is not a statement concocted by Sri Shankara, but one firmly rooted in the Upanishads. In Advaita, the jiva is verily Brahman, and Brahman is ever-liberated and never bound. Consequently, the bondage that the jiva appears to be experiencing is not real. Therefore, liberation of the jiva occurs when a person realizes that he is ever-free, ever-liberated and never bound.

From the transcendental standpoint, there is no bondage or liberation. However, from the empirical (vyavahaara) standpoint, when the jiva experiences bondage, the Upanishads do give him methods to extricate from the bondage – thus, the aforementioned statement regarding liberation of the jiva is also valid. Ultimately, though, when the jiva realizes his true nature, he realizes thus: ‘I was never bound before; I am not bound now; I will never be bound in the future too. I am ever free.’ This is the realization that dawns.

The following is a sample of Upanishadic statements where the ‘nitya mukta’ word appears:

मैत्रायण्युपनिषत्

षड्भिर्मासैस्तुयुक्तस्य नित्यमुक्तस्य देहिनः। अनन्तः परमो गुह्यः सम्यग्योगः प्रवर्तते ।रजस्तमोभ्यां विद्धस्य सुसमिद्धस्य देहिनः । पुत्रदारकुटुम्बेषु सक्तस्य नकदाचन ॥ २८

वराहोपनिषत् –

॥ स्वस्वरूपानुसंधानान्नृत्यन्तं सर्वसाक्षिणम् । मुहूर्तंचिन्तयेन्मां यः सर्वबन्धैः प्रमुच्यते ॥ ३२

॥ सर्वभूतान्तरस्थाय नित्यमुक्त-चिदात्मने । प्रत्यक्चैतन्यरूपाय मह्यमेव नमो नमः ॥ ३३

॥ त्वं वाऽहमस्मि भगवो देवतेऽहं वै त्वमसि । तुभ्यं मह्यमनन्ताय मह्यं तुभ्यं चिदात्मने॥ ३४

॥ नमो मह्यं परेशाय नमस्तुभ्यं शिवाय च । किं करोमि क्व गच्छामिकिं गृह्णामि त्यजामि किम् ॥ ३५

This line above त्वं वाऽहमस्मिभगवो देव तेऽहं वै त्वमसि । is present in Shankara’s bhashyam with a slight variation:

Brahma Sutra Bhashya 3.3.37:

तथा जाबालाः — ‘त्वं वा अहमस्मि भगवो देवतेऽहं वै त्वमसि’ इति ।

अथर्वणमहानारायणोपनिषत्सु –

नित्यमुक्तस्वरूपमनाधारमादिमध्यान्तशून्यं कैवल्यं परम्शान्तं सूक्ष्मतरं महतो महत्तरमपरिमितानन्दविशेषं शुद्धबोधानन्दविभूतिविशेषमनन्तानन्दविभूतिविशेषसमष्टिरूपमक्षरमनिर्देश्यं कूटस्थमचलं ध्रुवमदिग्देशकालमन्तर्बहिश्च तत्सर्वं व्याप्य परिपूर्णं परमयोगिभिर्विमृग्यं देशतःकालतो वस्तुतः परिच्छेदरहितं निरन्तराभिनवं नित्यपरिपूर्णमखण्डानन्दामृ-तविशेषं शाश्वतं परमं पदं निरतिशयानन्दानन्ततडित्पर्वताकारमद्वितीयंस्वयंप्रकाशमनिशं ज्वलति ।

तेजोबिन्दूपनिषत्सु –

॥एकसंख्याविहीनोऽस्ति नित्यमुक्तस्वरूपवान् । आकाशादपि सूक्ष्मोऽहमाद्य-न्ताभाववानहम् ॥ २९

॥ सर्वप्रकाशरूपोऽहं परावरसुखोऽस्म्यहम् । सत्ता-मात्रस्वरूपोऽहं शुद्धमोक्षस्वरूपवान् ॥ ३०

॥ सत्यानन्दस्वरूपोऽहं ज्ञानान-न्दघनोऽस्म्यहम् । विज्ञानमात्ररूपोऽहं सच्चिदानन्दलक्षणः ॥ ३१

॥ ब्रह्म-मात्रमिदं सर्वं ब्रह्मणोऽन्यन्न किंचन । तदेवाहं सदानन्दं ब्रह्मैवाहं सनात-नम् ॥ ३२

शुकरहस्योपनिषत् –

। परमं पदमिति च प्राणेन्द्रियाद्यन्तःकरण-गुणादेः परतरं सच्चिदानन्दमयं नित्यमुक्तब्रह्मस्थानं परमं पदम् ।

मैत्रेय्युपनिषत्सु –

॥ नित्यः शुद्धो बुद्धमुक्तस्वभावः सत्यःसूक्ष्मः संविभुश्चाद्वितीयः । आनन्दाब्धिर्यः परः सोऽहमस्मि प्रत्यग्धातुर्नात्रसंशीतिरस्ति ॥ ११

Om Tat Sat


Responses

  1. If Jiva/Brahman isn’t actually affected by Maya or bondage, then who or what is experiencing the life of the Jiva, if the Jiva is Brahman?

    • It is Brahman, the Consciousness, in association with avidya, that experiences the life of a jiva. It is this Brahman, in the garb of the jiva, does saadhana and attains enlightenment. However, the enlightenment takes the form: I was not, am not and will not be samsaari jiva. I was, am and will ever be the non-dual Brahman.’ Shankaracharya has stated this in the Brahma sutra bhashya. So, it is One Consciousness all through.

      • Thanks for your reply, I still struggle with this concept a bit if I’m being honest though.


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